Food Trend 2013

Techno, the nation's leading foddering research and consulting firm, brings together the best Judgments of its consultants and editors to peer ahead to food trends that may significantly impact the restaurant industry in 2013. These expert insights are based on site visits evaluating the restaurant scene in cities across the country as well as interviews and surveys of operators, chefs and consumers, backed up by qualitative data from its extensiveDigital Resource Library and quantitative data from its vast Monitored database. Some of these developments are mainstream trends among major players, others are edgy urban movements that may or may not spread to the wider American public, and some are in the process of evolving from leading-edge to mainstream. 1. Vegetables take their star turn. As more diners discover the Joys of occasional meatless meals, the flirtation with vegetarian fare evolves into flexibility fascination with actual vegetables.That meaner not only innovative salads but creative reservations of roasted or steamed veggies, even the assertive ones like carrots, kale or Brussels sprouts. Vegetables at the center of the plate are welcomed by diners†who continue to seek fresh, local, healthful fare†and operators squeezed by rising costs for proteins. 2. Great grains. Recognized as nutrition powerhouses† packed with protein as well as texture and full, rich taste†grains are also playing star roles on trendy menus. Dishes like pollute, couscous or bulge are central to some of today's hottest ethnic cuisines.And a number of grains† quinoa, amaranth, little, wild rice, corn, oats and buckwheat†do not contain gluten, so they're being nudged to the fore as part of the movement to gluten-free eating. 3. Chicken surprise. Yes, chicken is ubiquitous thanks to its always-reasonable price and remarkable versatility, but now it's actually trendy as well. New quick-service and fast-casual fried-chicken concepts are popping up , offering Southern or spicy takes on a classic. And now that Latin-accented marinated chicken has established a niche, African pert-peer chicken may be next. . Snacking nation. Habits of around-the- lock eating, the street-food/food-truck craze, consumers' demand for flexible portions and prices, and operators' need to move beyond price-cutting on core menu items all combine to make snack fare a key trend. Taps, mezzo and upscale bar bites in full-service restaurants are matched by flavor novelties in limited-service restaurants, from Spicy Chicken Incites at McDonald's and Chicken Littlest at KEF to mini corn dogs at Jack in the Box and cheesecake bites at SONIC. 5. More is more.On the other hand, there's an opposite value-as-volume movement. Look for more eels like Pizza Hut's Big Dinner Box (two pizzas with multiple sides) or Olive Garden's Dinner Today & Dinner Tomorrow (a dine-in meal plus a to-go meal), as well as multi-course feasts for two, four or more†even whole-hog pig roasts. 6. Traditional and contemporary diners and delis for inspiration. We'll see a proliferation of premium diner- and deli-inspired meaty sandwiches, full-flavored soups, even pickles†from traditional dill cues to pickled red onion. . Noodle-shop noodles. Ramee done right is a long way from dorm fare; it's nutritious, subtle, satisfying and redolent of exotic Far East street markets. Look for Ramee, don, sobs, cellophane and rice noodles to show up in hearty layered bowls, fragrant soups and even mixed-texture salads, not only in a burgeoning number of big-city noodle shops but in seafood and varied-menu restaurants as well. 8. South America†the next frontier.Just as diners who love Asian fare have explored beyond Chinese to develop a taste for Thai and Vietnamese, those who favor Mexican are now looking south†all the way to Brazil, Argentina and Peru. We'll see mainstreaming of South American-style grilled meats, chummier sauce, achieve, South American-As ian suasion seafood dishes and iconic drinks, from Brazier's chaplain to Peer's Pico sour. 9. Fast casual goes globe-trotting. Success in the exploding fast-casual sector is no longer limited to bakery cafà ©Ã‚ ©s and Mexican concepts.Build-your-own-better-burger chains and gourmet brick-oven pizza restaurants have been on the rise for some time, but now we're also seeing more ethnic foods and flavors†from American barbecue to Southeast Asian soups and sandwiches to Mediterranean and Middle Eastern fare. 10. Restaurants thirsty for differentiation turn to beverages. Trends include fresh fruit (especially tropical fruit) beverages; natural energy drinks; housemate sodas; cocktails made with candy-like flavored vodkas; microdensitometer liquors that promote drinking locally; regional craft brews starring in beer-and-food pairings; and the rise of hard ciders.December 4, 2012 wry. Restaurant. Org by Monika Stevenson WHAT'S HOT 2013 Chef survey When asked how to best handle the i ncreasing cost of ingredients, one-third (32 percent) said changing menus, one-quarter (25 percent) said adjusting plate composition, and another quarter (24 percent) said exploring new sourcing options. Only 4 percent said that raising menu prices is the best strategy. Just over one- quarter of the chefs (27 percent) ranked tablet computers, such as pads, as the hottest technology trend in restaurants in 2013, followed closely by semaphore APS (25 percent).Nineteen percent said mobile/wireless/pay-at-the-table options will be the hottest tech trend. Highlighting that the restaurant industry is one of opportunity for advancement and entrepreneurship, nine out of 10 (89 percent) of the chefs started their foddering career at entry level, with dishwasher, busses, line cook and prep cook being the most common first Jobs. Rounding out the top 20 hot menu trends are: 11. Farm/estate Branded Items 12. Non-wheat noodles/pasta (e. G. Quinoa, rice, buckwheat) 13. Non-traditional fish (e. G. Bronzing, Arctic char, scrambled eggs, coconut milk pancakes) F 15. Tit/vegetable children' side items 16. Health/nutrition as a culinary theme 17. Half-portions/smaller portions for a smaller price 18. House-made/artisan ice cream 19. Black/forbidden rice 20. DOD trucks F For complete What's Hot in 2013†² survey results, visit http:// www. Restaurant. Org/footrests The National Restaurant Association's â€Å"What's Hot in 2013† survey of more than ,800 professional chefs – members of the American Culinary Federation (ACE) – reveals that children's nutrition and local sourcing will continue to be the hottest trends on restaurant menus.The chefs also said the best ways to address rising food costs are change menus, adjust plate composition and explore sourcing options. The top 10 menu trends for 2013 will be: 1. Locally sourced meats and seafood 2. Locally grown produce 3. Healthful kids' meals 4. Environmental sustainability as a culinary theme 5. Children' s nutrition as a culinary theme 6. New cuts of meat (e. G. Denver steak, pork flat iron, trees major) 7. Hyper-local sourcing (e. G. Restaurant gardens) 8. Gluten-free cuisine 9. Sustainable seafood 10. Whole grain items in kids' meals Items that received the highest scores as waning trends (I. . Yesterdays news) are: froth/air/foam, Ramee, gazpacho, â€Å"fun-shaped† children's items, mini- burgers/sliders, flavored/ enhanced water, bacon-flavored chocolate, flavored popcorn, fish collars, and desserts with bacon. Items that received the highest scores as perennial favorites are: Italian cuisine, hamburgers/cheeseburgers, egg dishes, French toast, barbecue, fruit desserts (cobbler, pie, tart), comfort foods, rolling, milkshakes and Mexican cuisine. Also included in the survey were questions about technology trends, rising food costs, and nutritious recipes.More than half (55 percent) of the chefs said they always make efforts to adjust dishes and recipes to be more healthful , while 37 percent said they cook with nutrition in mind, but that not all recipes are easily adjusted. For more menu ideas you can use, ask your Marketing Associate about Mix it Up! And be sure to download Scads Chef Ref app for your tablet or smart phone, free for Android and Apple ISO. Http://chef. Cisco. Com 3 www. Bodleian. Mom The Food Channel has released its 2013 Trends Forecast – the top ten food trends we see for the coming year.This report is compiled in conjunction with [email  protected] and the International Food Futurist† Here's a look at what we see happening in the world of food for 2013.. 1. Castrating New Food Concepts. Yes, Streakier, Expounded and other grounding sites have been around a while, but we see them really kicking it up to a new level in the food and hospitality arena in the coming year. Got a new food product idea, or want to build a new restaurant? Go for it, and make it a cordilleras. . Smoking' Hot. Some people call it the new bacon , and beverages†is big and getting bigger.At the dinner table, it's going way beyond barbecue, and the trend is spreading. We're starting to see things like smoked cocktails, smoked olive oil, and even smoked water. Nordic/Scandinavian cuisine is one to watch in the coming year, too, and you'll find a variety of smoked food choices driving that trend. 3. Home Bakers Hone Skills. High-end specialty bakery products are becoming widely accessible for home use. It's never been easier to get professional restaurant quality ingredients and supplies. At-home bakers have found a new way to make what used to be hard†¦ Well, if not easy, at least easier.Thanks to new parchments, new pans, new recipes, and tutorials, baking up fancy pastries at home is becoming a more realistic goal. Premium French pastries are getting incorporated into more desserts and into more breakfast/brunch items, and more people embracing the idea for home cooking. The French Pastry School of Kennedy-King Co llege in Chicago is expanding for those thinking about going Pro, as well as some who are simply serious about getting really good at it. 4. The Fix Is In. PRI-Fixed, That Is. No choice† is becoming the new choice when it comes to dining out.The European-style PRI-fixed (fixed menu) restaurant policy is making its way to American shores. Fine dining establishments offer a limited range of set choices, and are holding firm on no substitutions. It's trickling down to the casual dining segment, too. Chains are bundling a selection of appetizer-entry ©e- dessert three-course meals for two–for a value price. 4 5. The Rise of the Supermarket Concierge. Grocery stores have executive chefs, offer cooking classes, and have specialists who can direct you to the best cheese, best meats, and best baked goods.We began to see it a few years ago when we predicted the rise in butchers, and it's gone beyond. Cooking classes are everywhere – sponsored by grocery stores, private caterers and restaurants of all sorts. The supermarket concierge is the next logical step in the progression. (Photo of Chef Chadwick of Why-Eve) 6. Brunch Becomes the New Fourth Meal. The late-morning meal that usurps breakfast and dinner is becoming the hot new meal occasion. You can find eateries that feature karaoke during brunch, or offer a free-flowing Bloody Mary Bar.We found a bowling alley that hosts a brunch, serving such choices as fried chicken, deuterium pancakes and cinnamon toast pizza. So stay up late, then sleep in and enjoy the new fourth meal. 7. Seasonal for All Seasons. Traditional seasons are getting stretched out, with people making things like pumpkin muffins in the summer. The health benefits and the flavor are turning the fall favorite into a year-round flavor in all kinds of dishes. Percent in the last two years. Tomatoes have been an all-year staple for years, but new breakthroughs in agro-science are making the off-season varieties actually worth eating. Then there's the continuation of the canning trend (which we spotlighted last ear), that lets folks enjoy the bounty of summer all winter long. 8. Cooking too Tea. Earl Grey and other tea flavors are starting to be used in cooking. The consumption of tea in general is still growing, and now it's moving beyond beverage onto the ingredient list for some menu items. For one thing, teas have great names and can help spice up a menu in many ways. Look for tea rubs, the way there are coffee and cocoa rubs. Tea†¦ It's not Just for drinking anymore. 9. Comfort Food with an Ethnic Accent.Yes, we still love our meatloaf, roast chicken and Mac ; cheese. But younger generations have expanded what fits into this catalogs category, with an emphasis on ethnic cuisines. Comfort food for the twenty- and thirty-something crowd includes choices like Japanese Ramee, Korean chime, Chinese pot stickers, sun cakes and Vietnamese pooh. Look for new twists in the coming year like Jumbo-sized â€Å"man sushi. † 10. Here's the Skinny. We're finally starting to see the obesity trend level Off bit with a growing number of Americans striving to eat healthier.But a developing subset of the movement to eat smarter is a new desire to be†not Just at a healthy weight† but actually skinny. The â€Å"skinny-fit† trend is moving from a blue Sears category too ay of eating, and some restaurants are responding with tiny portions that cater to this vanity-driven crowd. Will it go too far? 5 www. Restaurant-hospitality. Com Novo. 26, 2012 by Bob Grummet Top Dining Trends 2013: A New Perspective Two food cost-friendly options make this top 10 trends list worth a look. 6. American artisans save you a trip to Europe. â€Å"For years, budding food artisans have sprung up in the U.S. , crafting everything from booze to charcuterie,† SIR declares. â€Å"And as their craze becomes a lifestyle, you can count on every major city to proudly sport local, artisan food destin ations in 2013. â€Å"7. Small plates for me only. Have customers had enough of pass-turnaround dining? SIR tells us small plates meant for sharing will be replaced with smaller, singular servings of meat, veggies or starches for a truly customized dining experience. 8. Savory fruit. Look for fruit used with savory flavors, incorporated as a touch in appetizer, soups and meat dishes. Chefs are fermenting, pickling, drying, dehydrating, salting, grilling, frying and generally manipulating fruit more to get new flavors out of what we are used to eating raw,† says SIR culinary team member and Top Chef Season 5 winner Hoses Rosenberg. 9. No diner left behind. From gluten-free to vegan, more and more restaurants will offer all-inclusive menus and services to accommodate all eaters. â€Å"Gone are the days associate culinary director Aziza Jackson's. â€Å"Chefs who are cutting edge realize this and are planning ahead in the kitchen to have the flexibility to meet the varied requ ests. 10. Popcorn is the snack of 2013. Sweet or savory, the all-time favorite (and healthy) snack will pop up everywhere†in ice cream, as croutons, as a bar snack and more. SIR points to examples from restaurants such as Linger in Denver, which serves complimentary popcorn with seasonings like Cancan Mole and Madras Curry and Dill instead of a bread basket; and Halcyon in Charlotte, NC, which offers salted caramel popcorn croutons atop a North Carolina winter greens salad served with boiled peanut vinaigrette. From a food cost perspective, what restaurant wouldn't want to Jump all over this one?We don't know how many of these trends will make the leap into the mainstream this year. But we've already seen a couple of them gain a foothold on a number of restaurant menus, and we wouldn't be surprised if a few more don't make their presence felt in 2013. Beclouded, CO-based ad agency/food brand consultancy Sterling's Group took a horrors approach to developing its list of sass's top food trends. First, it queried celebrity chefs, product developers and other food world luminaries about what they saw on the horizon. Then the agency's in-house culinary team drew on those findings to compile its list.Here are the 10 dining trends Sterling-Rice Group (SIR) thinks will move from the cutting edge into the mainstream in 2013. 1. Sour gets its day. The American dining scene will explore additional parts of the flavor spectrum beyond sweet, salty and fatty, says SIR. â€Å"Next year we'll have a plethora of tart, acidic ND bitter flavors to choose from as menus feature flavors like fermented cherry juice, varietals vinegars, even sour beer. † 2. Chefs watch your weight. Healthful dining is a perennial entrant on most trend lists, but will we actually see healthful dining manifest itself on menus this year? Butter, bacon, and cream have been chefs' best friends since the beginning of time,† notes SIR. â€Å"But in 2013, chefs will be working quietly beh ind the scenes to make your dishes better for you with ingredients like brown rice, high-fiber grains and vitamin-rich veggie broths. † 3. Asian infiltrates American comfort food. The spicy and fresh flavors of Thailand, Vietnam and Korea take comfort food in a new direction, and this could be the year more restaurant operators position these cuisines as such. â€Å"Expect to walk into a classic American diner and see options like Vietnamese chicken sandwiches, Scratch mayo and Korean-glazed pork ribs. 4. Veggies take over the plate. No longer prepared as Just a side or salad, vegetables will get their chance to star as the main dish this year. SIR points to entrees like the Kohlrabi Burgeoning at AS in San Francisco and the Cauliflower T-bone at Superb Snack Bar in L. A. We know restaurant owners will love he food cost on items like these. 5. Kids' menus grow up. One of these years, a forecast like Grog's†that Mac and cheese and chicken nuggets will take a backseat to kid-friendly versions of adult dining options† is bound to come true. Is 2013 that year? Drinking Your Dinner and Bulge With Your Burger 1 . Drink Your Dinner Is it a food or a drink? Marketers in 2013 will continue to experiment with putting traditionally solid foods into liquid form, while pitching drinks as replacements for solid meals. The moves come as consumers put a premium on convenience. Kellogg Co. Recently rolled out â€Å"Breakfast to Go† shakes ailed as providing a â€Å"nutritious and filling breakfast that helps give consumers the energy they need to get through the busy morning, even if they don't have time to sit at the breakfast table. Meanwhile, PepsiCo is moving forward with plans to put snacks in beverage form. The company has a â€Å"whole range of products in the pipeline that are value-added products that can be snacks made into beverages,† CEO Indri Onion said recently at Beverage Digested Future Smarts conference, according to Bennett. Com. â€Å"A way to grow the beverage business is to take foods and drinking them,† she added. 2. Heat's On Meat Is meat going out of style? Yes, we've heard this one before, but 2013 might be a watershed year for the meatless movement.One reason is that last summer's drought is expected to boost the price of beef and chicken. So consumers will increasingly look for energy from so- called â€Å"new proteins,† says Phil Element, who runs supermarkets. Com. â€Å"A major shift is anticipated in the nation's protein food supply away from meat-based proteins and shifting to meatless proteins like eggs, nut butters, tofu, beards, legumes, with an increase in awareness and consumption of vegetarian and vegan meals,† Mr†¦ Element reported recently as part of his â€Å"Top 10 Food Trend Predictions or 2013. The trend also holds for restaurants. Techno in its 2013 outlook said that vegetables and other meatless options, such as veggie burgers, will continue to evol ve. While major chains may not roll out vegetarian-specific menus in the near term, chains such as McDonald's, Burger King and Wend's have revamped veggie- centric items such as salads. 3. Salad or Fries with that? Though a bulge salad may not be on the menu at McDonald's this year (or any year, for that matter), smaller health-food fast-casual chains are popping up and offering items such as quinoa and Brussels sprouts.It's likely these types of chains will take years to expand, but ones that have only a couple of locations now have already been making waves. Life Kitchen, the brainchild of former McDonald's global chief operating officer and president Mike Roberts, was started in California and offers healthful dishes that include local, organic, healthful fare; the chain also has grand expansion plans. British chain Prà ªt A Manger, which specializes in fresh items that have no preservatives or chemicals, continues to expand in the U. S. , even if it's only in a handful of citie s currently.Local health chains, such as Protein Bar in Chicago, will keel also continue to pop up, though time will tell how far they'll expand. Restaurants Surveyed for Trend Predictions http://www. Factual. Com January 8, 2013 Restaurant. Com, an online restaurant deal resource, has polled 106 restaurants throughout the quick-service, fast casual and full-service segments to gain insight into 2013 culinary trends. Respondents' top predictions for the New Year include: Healthy: Sixty-four percent of restaurants responding accordingly: 80 percent of restaurants say they will add healthier menu items in 2013.Fifty-two percent of restaurants surveyed selected healthy options as he most influential factor in planning their 2013 menus, followed by vegetarian options (39 percent) and gluten-free options (38 percent). Vegetables: As consumers demand healthier options, vegetables will have a more prominent position on menus. Vegetable dishes ranked No. 2 on the list of most popular food t rends for 2013 as voted by the surveyed restaurants, with 43 percent picking them to be an actual trend.For measure, 62 percent of restaurants said they will feature locally- sourced produce this year. Comfort food: In spite of the healthy movement seen elsewhere in the survey, restaurants selected comfort food as the most popular rend for 2013, with 50 percent of respondents selecting it over newer trends such as spicy foods (37 percent), mini foods (34 percent) and small plates (39 percent). Drinks: Specialty cocktails, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, are thought to be growing in popularity, with 35 percent of respondents selecting them as a 2013 trend.New items: Eighty-five percent of restaurants surveyed plan to add new items to their menus in 2013, though it may come at a price: 70 percent of restaurants expect to raise prices this year. 7 Smoked Tomato, Rosemary, Chile Peppers & Sweet Onion Anise & Cater Faro Grain, Blackberry & Clove Artichoke, Paprika & Hazelnut Flavor For ecast 2013 www. Efflorescent. Com This year, the Flavor Forecast reveals a common thread connecting food cultures around the world. In restaurants and kitchens far and wide, cooks are elevating authentic ingredients through individualized inspirations, modern sensibilities and innovative techniques.The result? A delicious medley of unique flavor experiences that is more creative, more diverse and much more personal. TREND No Apologies Necessary Diving headfirst into sumptuous flavors to enjoy the gratification of a momentary escape FLAVOR COMBINATION 1 . Decadent Bitter Chocolate, Sweet Basil & Passion Fruit An intensely indulgent combo that delights all the senses. 2. Black Rum, Charred Orange & Allspice Tropical getaway; a sultry collision of richness & warmth. 3. Cider, Sage & Molasses A hands-on approach to showcasing the very best of ourselves Rustic and comforting, natural goodness for every meal 4.Smoked Tomato, Rosemary, Chile Peppers & Sweet Onion Smoky, sweet & spicy flavo rs energize handcrafted ketchup, sauces, Jams and more. 5. Faro Grain, Blackberry & Clove Empowered Eating Creating health and wellness harmony through a highly personalized, flexible approach Healthy ancient grain with powerful hits of fruit and spice. 6. Market-Fresh Broccoli & Duke Duke is a blend of cumin, coriander, sesame and nuts. Satisfying flavors and textures, mixing unexpected varieties of broccoli with Middle Eastern spice blend. 7.Hearty Meat Cuts, Plantain & Stick Cinnamon Hidden Potential A waste-not mentality, uncovering the fullest flavors from every last part of the ingredient A new take on meat and potatoes inspiring creative approaches. 8. Artichoke, Paprika & Hazelnut Ingredients you thought you knew invite new exploration to unleash their deliciously versatile starring qualities. . Japanese Status Sauce & Oregano Global My Way Discovering the unlimited flavor possibilities of global ingredients, beyond traditional roles in â€Å"ethnic† cuisines Tangy fl avors of BBC and steak sauce create the next go-to condiment. 0. Anise & Cater (Mexican caramel sauce) Sweet, rich delight transports desserts and savory dishes to new places. 10 18 Top 10 Food Trends for 2013 shine. Yahoo. Com Jan. 7, 2013 By Sherry Franken 1 . Carrots Move over kale and Brussels sprouts. Some of New York City's trendiest and priciest restaurants are already giving carrots pride of place on their menus. At the Auber HCI, super-expensive, four-star Eleven Madison Park, carrot tartars is prepared to order tables. Impel ¶n Cochin on the hip lower east side serves roasted carrots with mole Plano and yogurt to die for.Also up and coming: cauliflower and parsnips! Like to make new friends and have an adventurous palate and big bucks to shell out as these experiences in dining usually cost $100 or much more. 6. No Stir Risotto Quinoa, barley, faro, Israeli couscous are all ultra delicious when they're cooked risotto-style with broth, tomato sauce, or even seasoned water until the grains are plump, swollen and chock full of flavor. But unlike arbor rice, these good-for-you whole grains don't require constant stirring†¦ Just an occasional swipe with a wooden spoon. . Juice, Juicing, and Juicers They're back and more popular than ever! While here at the Good Housekeeping Research Institute, we believe in filling up on firebrick whole fruits and veggies, the world at large seems convinced that Juices concocted of everything from apple to beets to parsley and fortified with healthy doses of kale and wheat grass, will help us all stay healthier and feel better. A Juice emporium is bound to spring up at a shopping center near you. 7. Ash Not a typo. We've all long loved the way smoke complements food†¦. Once the popularity of bacon, sausage, and barbecue. But ash is a new way to give food the primal taste of fire. Chefs are burning vegetables and grains, then pulverize them into a dust and sprinkling it on plates and food. Chicken's trendy†¦ Even more so topped with a layer of hay ash. 3. Family Style Dining When you eat out with with bodies, as I often do, everyone passes their plates around the table so everyone can taste everything†¦ It's a practice I abhor as by the time a dish has gone half way round it's no longer recognizable or appealing. So I

New Heritage Doll Company Write-up Essay

Introduction New Heritage Doll Company is a firm that has ventured into doll production which has sought to extend its brand in order to broaden its market framework and more importantly capitalize on high levels of customer loyalty. The vice president of the Company, Emily Harris, is to forward her project proposal to the Budgeting Committee for evaluation. The Vice-president’s objective for proposing the project was based on potential to strengthen the Company’s division of production and drive future growth. Emily Harris has to produce a compelling project to avoid the committee from declining the proposal. Basis of Assessment There are two projects between which the company can choose from or drop the proposals in their entirety. The methods of project evaluation would be based on discounting cash flows analysis and thereafter determining the Net Present Value (NPV) of each of the proposed project with Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index and Payback Period. If the project has a positive NPV, it would suggests the project is generating more cash than is required to service the debt and provide the appropriate returns; thus, the higher NPV, the better it is for the company. The project proposal with the positive and highest NPV, IRR and profitability index along with the shortest payback period would be acceptable for investment. New Heritage Doll Company managed to produce a capital budgeting structure in order to evaluate the revenue generated in the Doll industry. It is clearly evident that a segment of the Doll industry generates income progressively with an increasing rate of 4.6%. Cash flows forecast is used to capture the incremental effect of a proposed project in order to acknowledge the breakeven point and profit or loss time frame. If the company continues with its investment in the toy and game segment, it is going to experience the economies of scale and have high operating profits. However, for a company  to embrace another project proposal, it has to evaluate its financial capacity to fund the project. Thus, any project which does not generate significant revenue, the company must cultivate the capital rationing. Similarly, the company must consider some factors in the assessment of project’s risk, such as whether the project product’s required new traders or consumers who are willing to accept the goods or services rendered by the company; where the project proposal requires high level of the fixed costs, the project to be appraised is at very high risk considering such costs do not generate high returns; sensitivity of the selling price of the finished goods, and high level of breakeven production volumes. The prudent way to evaluate the company’s feasibility whether or not to inves t on a new venture is by analyzing the returns or the operating profits. If the firm’s expects to experience some losses, it should reject the proposal. However, if the firm is operating at a breakeven point, the company may have the option to forecast whether it is an on-going concern. Problem Identification The Heritage Doll Company is appraising two proposed projects, Match My Doll Clothing and Design Your Own Doll. Emily Harris, vice president of the company’s production division must have compelling reasons to influence the budgeting department to accept the project for implementation. The theoretical reasons behind Match My Doll Clothing to be implemented by the company budgeting committee is that the products produced fully match all seasonal clothing for the young girls and their preferred doll; the popularity of the company’s product; and it is the best time for expansion due to its popularity. The reasons for choosing Design Your Own Doll is that the company’s products would have high correlation with the consumers; the company’s doll can be customized based on the tastes and preferences of the consumers; permanent customer loyalty; dolls demand a strong selling probability; and the company’s potential to strengthen its future growth. However, the company is also limited to take this project due to several constrains including: low production runs and volumes, limited gradation of customization increased manufacturing complication; increase in production and development costs for the technology modification and infrastructure. One of the key distinctions between the two projects is that Design Your Own Doll and Match My Doll Clothing are two mutually exclusive projects. Their  cash flows are related and have the same function and they compete with each other meaning that the acceptance of one project eliminates consideration of the other project. DCF and Sensitivity Analysis The Company should maximize on cash management by capital rationing on the project accepted. NPV of the project should be implemented as it reflects the time value of money invested in the accepted project. Similarly this can be further elaborated by computation of IRR of both project proposal. The analysis was performed by comparing the two projects using the same fixed terminal growth rate of 3% because both projects include a terminal growth rate element. For both projects, it would also be beneficial to know how the terminal growth rate value is generated. Because the â€Å"medium†- risk projects in the production division received a discount rate of 8.4% in 2010, this rate was used for the Match My Doll Clothing line’s DCF analysis. Design Your Own Doll project is long-term project and it is considered to have a higher risk; thus, the rate of 9.00% was used in the analysis. The results of the analysis are presented below. Design Your Own Doll Match My Doll Clothing NPV = $7,310.21 The NPV is positive – the project is feasible. NPV = $7,139.18 The NPV is positive – the project is feasible. IRR=18.24% IRR=23.6% Profitability Index = 1.26 Profitability Index = 2.03 Payback Period = 9.3 years Payback Period = 9.2 year Recommendations From the Working Capital requirements assumptions, Design Your Own Doll requires a higher amount of working capital than Match My Doll Clothing; however, the results of the analysis of the Operating Profit show that Design Your Own Doll line would generate a higher operating profit than that  of the Match My Doll Clothing line. Also, Design Your Own Doll generates higher cash flows compared to the Match My Doll Clothing and this is another argument for choosing Design Your Own Doll for its investment. From the NPV method standpoint, the NPV rule chooses a project in terms of net dollars or net financial impact on the company; thus, it can be easier to use when allocating capital. Also, NPV method requires an assumed discount rate and also assumes that this percentage rate will be stable over the life of the project. In the real world, this assumption does not always work because the interest rates are fluctuating. From the analysis, both of the projects are feasible but Design Your Own Doll has the higher NPV than the Match My Doll Clothing line. IRR method doesn’t assume a discount rate and the worthiness of the investment is purely a function of the internal inflows and outflows of that particular investment. However, IRR does not assess the financial impact on a firm; it only requires meeting a minimum return rate. The internal rate of return is the most critical method to determine the decision option for accepting the project proposal. Also, the highest operating rate of returns with the shortest payback period of the cost of capital is opted to be accepted. From the analysis, Match My Doll Clothing line has the higher IRR than the Design Your Own Doll line. In conclusion, even though both projects are feasible and Design Your Own Doll has the higher NPV, Match My Doll Clothing line project has a higher IRR, profitability index and a shorter payback period. Thus, the budgeting committee should accept Match My Doll Clothing line instead of Design Your Own Doll since Match My Doll Clothing line has the higher IRR, profitability and the shortest payback period. The NPV of both proposals are not significantly different.

5 Tips for Affiliate Program Newbies

5 Tips for Affiliate Program Newbies Today affiliate programs are the starting place for the majority of home entrepreneurs and beginners in Internet Marketing. This is mostly due to the small amount of work involved and the respectively easy income generated through it. But as easily and quickly developed and tempting it may seem, this type of business has its specifics as well and requires certain elements that are necessary to look for before starting to promote an affiliate product. In case you are yourself considering to embark on this new business adventure, we believe the below tips will be of use. Tip # 1. Promote a unique product to get better results. Promoting a product which is already being sold by hundreds of affiliates will not give you satisfactory results unless you have a unique proposition to make. A different product that only a few affiliates distribute is the main key to success in this particular field. However, this kind of program is a bit difficult to find as it is usually not in the interest of merchants to form such an affiliate in a short-term sense. Tip # 2. Effective and powerful affiliates tools. As soon as you become ready to promote, you may encounter another issue, finding yourself somewhat lost if you are new to the world of affiliate marketing. In fact, most beginners take months to realize their first sale because the merchant does not help them in their hard work. So, be sure to find a powerful and clear affiliates resource section. This will skyrocket your chances of success. Good communication with the merchant is not easy to maintain, but it is a must here. Try to find at least a few useful resources on Internet and affiliate marketing and refer to them whenever needed. Tip # 3. Some examples of effective resources: * Brandable e-books to give away or sell at a low price with your own affiliate ID links in order to generate leads and sales. * Sales letters provided. * Templates of the emails you send to your list( s), pre-written emails or even better. * Free promotional tips provided in order to make money without spending thousands at the beginning (a must for beginners). * Advice and tips on paid promotional techniques (dont spend all your money on something that wouldn’t bring sufficient results). * Redirect links through your own website. * Banners. Tip # 4. Good tracking software. This is a very important part of your affiliate business. You need to be able to monitor almost everything in your resources section: you need to be able to track your sales, see how many visitors have visited your site and also the merchant site, learn through which page they have entered the merchant site (here is the importance of the redirect links). You need to be able to view your payments history, and also how many people have signed up underneath you in case it is a two-tier affiliate program. Reliable tracking software will help you keep up with all those key points on a daily basis with just a click or two. Tip # 5. Cookies plus IP addresses. Today it is a common practice for Internet users to clear their cookies daily or weekly. If you spend money on PPC or any other paid advertising in order to win a customer, you do not want to see another affiliate steal the commission that you should have received. So, try to choose an affiliate program with tracking software which gets the IP address of your future customer. By the way, recurring commissions are a must if you really want to succeed in all this. And last but not least, try to find associate programs with a generous compensation plan and give preference to two-tier affiliate programs because this way you will get to be paid on two levels. We wish you a successful and profitable promotion, and don’t forget to enjoy your affiliate life!

Business Analysis of Easy Jet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Analysis of Easy Jet - Research Paper Example Having suppliers dotted all over areas, our report finally uses the Balance Scorecard to make some recommendations for the company to successfully adjust Porters value chain to suit its needs. Though Easy jet has successfully and effectively integrated customers and suppliers into the value chain, certain issues remain a nightmare for the company to crack. The lack of a unique service with total differentiation from the competitors, the rising tension on world politics, the war against peace (terror), global warming and its negative contribution are some particular examples. However, with our client's concept of marketing high-quality services at low cost through a focused generic strategy, intended for its flight route, the company is gradually gaining an edge over its competitors. Easy Jet airline Ltd popularly known as Easy Jet is based in London, Luton airport (Company Report 2005). It is known as the largest airline in the United Kingdom operating both domestic and international scheduled services. Though it specializes in point to point services it sometimes goes on full-service charter flights for other companies. This report is based on a business analysis report presented to the management of Easy Jet Company. ... Though it specializes in point to point services it sometimes goes on full-service charter flights for other companies. This report is based on a business analysis report presented to the management of Easy Jet Company. Part one of the report carries out an external analysis of the company while stating the vision and mission statement. Part two looks at the internal resources to identify the core competencies and strategic resources while part three provides pertinent recommendations and conclusions. 1.1.1 The Mission, Vision, and Objectives of Easy Jet The company's mission vision and objective statement centers on offering customers higher value to their money, through security, safe and good point to point services. According to the compa ny (2008) report, its mission and vision statement is to "provide our customers with safe, good value point to point air services. To effect and to offer a consistent and reliable product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European routes. To achieve this, we will develop our people and establish a lasting relationship with our suppliers". Mission and vision statements are two strategic management concepts (SMCs) (Soyer & Asan 2007). These are important concepts that define organizations' values, competencies and are quite useful in the strategic planning and management of the organization (Soyer & Asan 2007). Soyer & Asan (2007:1) echo that, "SMCs together provide a common language and help stakeholders and other interested parties understand the business and its position in a competitive environment.

Risk factors in the spread of Visceral Leishmaniasis in two highly Research Paper

Risk factors in the spread of Visceral Leishmaniasis in two highly endemic but ecologically different regions - Research Paper Example However, not all species of phlebotomine transmit Leishmaniasis. Research has shown that it is only thirty of all the phlebotomine species transmit VL. In most cases, the female sandfly spreads the parasite into animals or human beings. This is because the parasite develops inside the sandfly for some period mostly between four and twenty five days. The sandfly then sucks fresh blood from an animal or a human being, and hence, transmitting the parasites, which completes the parasite’s cycle of transmission. Signs and symptoms The signs and symptoms of Visceral Leishmaniasis depend on the individual concerned as well as the geographical area involved. Some individuals have silent infections while others display symptoms of the disease. However, in most cases, VL affects internal organs of the body, which include the liver and spleen (Farrell 67). Fever is the most common symptom among many victims. Abnormal blood tests, which are factors of swelling of the spleen and liver, are also common symptoms of the disease. Low blood count of all the components of the disease are among the abnormal blood tests displayed by patients of the disease (Warrell 78). However, the signs and symptoms also depend on the geographical area under concern. For instance, in Sudan, most of the patients of the disease suffer from HIV, which leads to severe cases of the disease. The similarity between symptoms in Sudan and India is that all patients have fever as well internal body organs. Diagnosis and treatment Diagnosis of VL depends on the geographical location of the patient to be examined. This is because the disease varies according to the geographical location of the individual concerned. Clinical officers must use samples from the bone marrow (serologic testing) to test the presence of VL in patients. Serologic testing is effective because the disease mainly affects the internal organs of the body. Test samples for diagnosis may also come from the liver, blood or the lymph nodes. However, clinical officers and other medical practitioners have different approaches of diagnosis for individuals with HIV infection (Siddig, Mohammed, Hashim, David and Eskild 104). It is important to note that the diagnosis of the disease depends on the area or geographical region under concern. Similarly, treatment depends on the severity of the case in the individual concerned. Children and other special groups receive different medication from those of other members of the society. Severe cases of VL are fatal in untreated. No vaccines or preventive drugs are available for the disease. The only preventive measure that individuals can pursue is through preventing bites from sandflies (Mabey 45). Epidemiology and risk factors Epidemiology is one of the areas that have differences concerning geographical locations. Sandflies are responsible for spreading the Leishmania parasites into animals and human beings, which suggests that ecological factors may contribute to the spre ad of VL disease. The presence of tropical forests, caves and other habitats for the phlebotomine sandflies contributes to the spread of the disease in certain geographical areas. Sudan therefore, provides an ideal site for the breeding of sandflies. In addition, the conditions of living in Sudan are more severe than in India. India has relatively low breeding sites because of large population. Many individuals do not notice sandfly bites because the sandflies are mainly active at night and are very small (smaller than tropical mosquitoes). In

Creative Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Creative Project - Assignment Example With such credentials, the following analyses shall lead to the implementation of viable solutions for success in the competitive segment. The provided information about the company inclines its probability factors in acquiring a beneficial clientele population in the fast-food segment. It is evident that the company seeks to provide three-course meals in the breakfast, lunch, and supper menus. From an expert’s perspective, the inclusion of lean meat, citric juice extracted from fresh fruits, and vegetable diets among other provisions denotes the new market entrant prowess to lure a profitable population of clients (Virtanen, 2015). The notion held towards the declaration of such aspects for strengths draws from the fact that the existing competitors provide the â€Å"unhealthy diets†. The current society’s attention to consumption practices indicates the willingness to support and remain loyal towards those products, which comprise sustainable and health-related benefits. Therefore, the Sunni Rae’s marketing team should embrace such information in reaching the target consumers from the 20 ADIs and the 150 additional segments. Better Foods Incorporated should strengthen the new entity through financial assistance if the market fails to react promptly as forecasted. Sunni Rae Restaurants remain vulnerable to unfair completion practices from the segment’s market leaders and challengers (Virtanen, 2015). For example, McDonalds and Burger King among other chains shall expose the new entrant to pricing wars and mass promotion practices. The weaknesses evident Sunni Rae Restaurants emerge from the planned high prices and the massive diversification of investments throughout the country. It is salient to acknowledge the economic situation of the target demographics prior to the implementation of the restaurants’ marketing mix plan. It is critical to pursue price penetration and loss leader approaches as

PR Paper contrast & compare on Twain & Thoreau Essay

PR Paper contrast & compare on Twain & Thoreau - Essay Example According to Thoreau in the book â€Å"Where I Lived, and What I Lived For,† the world is but a faà §ade that is ever being manipulated by the mass media and other personalities to suit their selfish interest. Just like the way the Germany confederacy was in perpetually transformation before the war such that a German national could never tell at any given time its boundaries, ‘reality’ as we know it is also involved in an unending cycle of metamorphosis (Thoreau, 2006). Even the multiplicity of the so-called internal improvements is just but a faà §ade that only complicate life further. While Thoreau thinks that there is always an escape route from these lies camouflaged as realities and developments, a route that can enable a person to experience reality that is devoid of any manipulation, Mark Twain thinks that these kinds of lies camouflaging themselves as realities characterize our lives, at times even spicing it up and therefore indispensable in our lives. In fact, Thoreau idea of what we call reality in our daily life is something is a creation of a number of tools the prominence of them all being the mass media which continuously elongated itself the responsibility of shaping people opinion. According to Thoreau, even what we call progress in our daily life is just a creation of the mass media and therefore unrealistic. Contrary to Mark Twain, Thoreau believes that there is nothing that can be gained from this distortion of reality that surrounds our life. Thoreau even goes out of his way to blame the so-called reality by the mass media for wasting precious time that people can use to attend to serious things that adds value in their life. Mark Twain is of a different view. According to him the ‘reality’ that we perceive is only a faà §ade that disappears after some time, however, despite this act of disappearing it most importantly spice-up our life.

Supply and Demand of Gasoline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Supply and Demand of Gasoline - Essay Example The gasoline price has ostensibly undergone extensive fluctuations mainly because of the product nature and the industry which supplies the world with oil. Note that a bulk of the aggregate oil output is produced by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). This influential group is organized as a cartel and composed of nations in the Middle East including United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among others. The main produce of these countries is oil and other petroleum products. Other countries, including the United States, are largely dependent on these countries for their oil supply (Case & Fair, 2002). With their rich oil resources, these nations created the cartel which has the ability to control member countries’ oil production capacity and output quotas of enabled them to collude to raise the oil price by. Given its mandate, supply of oil including gasoline is significantly affected by political unrest arising between these oil-exporting countries and other countries as well. To illustrate this point, supply of petroleum products was adversely affected by the war between Iran and Iraq in 1979. This tumultuous battle between two of the largest oil producers had caused a global oil supply shock and resulted in a dramatic increase in the price of oil. The limited oil supply then was further aggravated by the restricted means of transporting oil products to the rest of the world.

Gender and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Gender and Politics - Essay Example In 2000, the United Nations approved the millennium declaration, which insisted on gender equality as essential in eradicating poverty and realizing sustainable development. In the millennium development goals (MDGs), gender equality is one goal, and gender perspectives have to be included in the implementation of the other MDG’s. Some of the observation regarding gender and development is that men are largely missing from gender practices and policies (Cornwell 1997, p. 9). In order to achieve gender equality, there must be positive changes in the lives of women as well as men. Development programs must be scrutinized to avoid negative gender outcomes. This paper will discuss the concept of gender and how it has affected development programs in many countries. For the past three decades, people have accepted the gender-based approach to the development programs. Gender analysis and gender training act as key tools in any development process. The concept of gender, which becom es increasingly integrated in development programs, may be highly misunderstood. Most gender oriented programs focus on women since the term gender may be seen as a synonym for â€Å"female† or â€Å"women†. The term gender has also been confused with sex, which means biological characteristics, which makes one either a man or a woman. Female roles may include working on the farms, both on the family foodstuff and the cash crops. On the other hand, men may only be tasked with marketing the cash crop in the market; they control the income obtained from the farms. Women lose control of resources like land, hence become excluded from access to desirable agricultural methods (Momsen 2009, p. 2). Case study In a certain rich coffee-growing nation, the government decided to boost the coffee productio

Market Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Market Structure - Essay Example Discussion of the market structures Perfect market competition In perfect market competition, economists recite that there are many firms, price takers, and the number of suppliers tends to be equal to the number of suppliers in the market. The reason of its occurrence is the ideology that informative buyers and sellers deal with homogeneous products (Stackelberg, et al 2011). Monopoly market structure The structure leads to the domination of the market by one producer of a certain product whose utility serves the needs of a broad group of clientele thus; the business entity manipulates the supply and pricing utilities and buyers rest to no obligation other than making purchases at different prices per unit of consumption (Oner, 2013). Monopolistic competition The situation occurs when there are many firms in market competing to market their products but often differ as they produce different types of products. The freedom of entry and exit rests upon the buyers and sellers and they obviously lack information thus they live in an imperfectly competitive market (Heywood, 2006). Duopoly market structure The advent of duopoly in a market occurs in the presence of two firms that are interdependent and obviously collude in their bid to execute their programs. There is a possibility of restrained policies to market entrants. The firms also restrain each other seeking to excel profitable through price leadership. Oligopoly market structure This market structure presents varied characteristics since the present firms often compete against each other despite the fact that they show a higher degree of interdependence. There exists the characteristic of non-price competition and an often possibility of collusion among the firms. There are barriers imposed to the new market entrants (Oner, 2013). The Californian market structure The markets pose different ownership structures with some depicting horizontal while others depict vertical structures. Research ascertains that p ower production utilities in Californian markets are authorized by the government to produce essentially on cost-based approaches rather than regulatory approaches (Stackelberg, et al 2011). However, the distribution of power through transmission rests regulated by the authorities thus ensuring equated supply to meet the existing demand rather than leaving the mandate to the producers who may aim to deliver to consumers who tend to pose higher marginal consumptions over domestic consumers. Arguably, the Californian market structure in the electricity sector seems to be a monopoly as well as a duopoly in that after production of the power by differentiated utilities restrains the entry of new firms. Further, the situation leads to the stipulation of prices in accordance to the will of the producers however, the system of duopoly shifts to oligopoly as the power producing utilities seek to gain abundant benefits while the authorities restrain them from accessing the consumers. Further , monopolistic competition prevails in the energy sector of California since the firms differ in production of energy from coal, hydropower utilities, and nuclear power production mechanisms (Bushnell, Mansur, and Saravia, 2004). Effects of high entry

Adopting Children by Same Sex Parent Essay Example for Free

Adopting Children by Same Sex Parent Essay People in society say that everyone is equal, they have equal right and freedom. However in case of adopting children, people believe that same sex parents are abnormal to adopting children. Some people in society against them to adopting but there are many same sex couples who are seeking to adopt children. The researcher of homosexuality found that many people still do not reveal their sexual orientation to others. Also, same sex couples are not acceptable from some people in society, according to www. gay-adoption. s. On the contrast, some people believe that same sex adoption is normal and it should be acceptable, according to the right human campaign, a national gay and lesbian advocacy group. Although there are many people against same sex couple to adopting children, same sex couples should be allowed to adopt children because they have equal rights and they can be good parents for a child who lacks love and home. Moreover, children in the United State of America and many countries around the world are waiting for adoption. There are about 520,000 children in welfare, according to the North American Council on Adoptable Children in St. Paul. In addition there have 120,000 are available for adoption, but only 50,000 find permanent homes each year. However, although same sex couples want to adopt children, they are against by heterosexual parents for several reasons including it is unnatural to allowed same sex to be a parent, same sex parents cannot give stability to children and most people believed that only heterosexual parents can be good parents. Firstly, it is unnatural to allow homosexual couples to be a parent. They cannot be good parents. Also, it is not safe for children to live with same sex parents. The best environment for well-being of children is a household with a mother and father because children should have a role model. Adopting by same sex parents can effects to children. For instance, children who is raised in a homosexual household are significantly more likely to be homosexual themselves because they have only one role model in one gender, and get involved in homosexual behavior than children raised in heterosexual households, according to a research in the US (University of Illinois Law Review, 1997). In a study published in the January 1996 issue of Developmental Psychology, London researchers Susan Golombok and Fiona Tasker found that it danger for children that live with same sex parents. However, the sexual orientation of parents has no influence on the sexual orientation of their children and that children of lesbian and same sex parents are not more likely than any other children to grow up to be homosexual, according to Children of gay fathers, Gay and Lesbian Parents (p. 9-57) In addition, children can manage their life to be what they want to be by themselves, however they are raised by homosexual parents but it is not determine that they may have the same behavior as their same sex parents. Moreover, same sex parents can give a responsibility and love to children as well as a heterosexual because they are a human who can teach and give love to a child. As such, it would be wrong to deny same sex parents to adopt children. Also, good parenting is not controlled by sexual orientation, same sex parents can support children and give love to them that show they can be a good parent same as a heterosexual. Secondly, the reason why people believe same sex parents should not be allowed to adopt is stability, so it is important in raising an emotionally and mentally healthy child. The way to children grow up happily may need a role model, so children need a role model of both genders that are male and female in order to develop a properly. If children raise in homosexual household, it influence to children will lacks information of other gender. Children’s primary role models are his or her parents that cause bringing a heterosexual up in a homosexual household can gives children a misrepresented view of sexuality. Homosexual couples simply cannot give the stability that heterosexual parents can give to children. Although most people believe that bringing a heterosexual child up by same sex parents give them a distorted view of sexuality, some babies are born with a predisposition to homosexuality and their upbringing will not affect their sexuality. Almost of homosexuals couples do not want to force children to be homosexual like them. According to Major associations of mental health professionals in the United stated of America, same sex parents are not an unfit and capable as heterosexual parents that they lead children are as happily, healthy and well adjusted as a child who is raised by heterosexual parents. In addition, a studies shows that children raised by single heterosexual parents have more difficulties than children who have same sex parents. Moreover the study shows that children did better in moderation, self-esteem, and had less psychosocial difficulties at home and at school, according to the study of Same-Sex Parents Raise Well-Adjusted Kids. The last reason is widely agreed that only heterosexual parents can be a good parent and they are appropriate to give love, warm, and home to children. Children should have opportunities to thrive in heterosexual parents with a mother and father based family. Heterosexual parents are the best because a child should be raised in loving, well-disciplined homes where children have good role models from their heterosexual parents, also avoiding children grow up to be a homosexual, according to study of gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents. In addition, avoiding from criminal because homosexuals are more likely to molest children, such as rape them. It is danger to children’s life and causes many troubles to society. However, there are about 500,000 children in welfare nationally in the United state and about 100,000 children need to be adopted. So it is shows thousands of children lacks a permanent home and lacks love from parents, according to the statistics of the study of critical shortage of adoptive and foster parents in the United States. If they are only allowed heterosexual parents in adoption, the child who lives in foster care will lacks family and as in Florida more than 2,000 children in welfare are waiting for adoption according to the state of Florida’s statistics. In addition, there are not enough heterosexual parents who are interested in adoption and foster care. There are some arguments of adopting children by same sex parents because most people feel that only traditional homes with a father and a mother are appropriate and have equal right as heterosexual parents to adopt children, according to issue about facts on gay adoption. However, society is change that leads everyone has equal rights. Therefore same sex parents are human being who should be allowed to adopt children. All people should have equal rights because the child in same sex family appear to be normal, and also same sex parents are not appear to harm child, according to Homosexuality and Family Relations. If homosexual parents can support their children, same sex couples can be as good parents as heterosexual parents. As such, same sex parents are the same as other people who can support children, such as, they give love to children, pay taxes, go to work. It shows that being homosexual is not a mental disorder. In addition, nowadays there are thousands children have no permanent homes, and they are waiting for adoption. It is shows that same sex parents are one of those who help children to have love and home. Therefore, people should not determine only about sexuality of those who want to adopt children. As Mary Bonauto of Boston-based same sex couples Avocates and defenders said that, â€Å" Sexual orientation is not the issue, ability of parent is issue. †

Load Shedding (self created Problem) Essay Example for Free

Load Shedding (self created Problem) Essay The electricity load shedding in Pakistan would have not been a big problem to cope with but its made much bigger by adopting the defective policies. One of the causes of load shedding is called the circular debt, which means the private electricity generation companies keep generating the power but they do not get the money for the electricity they have provided, in that case they can generate the electricity for limited period and after that when the outstanding amount to be paid by government to these companies cross a limit, by being not able to fuel costs these companies stop the production till they have get paid back by government. This have been happening very much lately, current approach from government is they let the circular dept build up and while companies stop production they are paid back after many months and mean while that halt brings in more shortage and more electricity load shedding subsiquently. Now this is the place where the issue of rental power plants come in. The question is, when you are not able to finance the current infrastructure and when you are not fully utilizing the current generation capacity, why on earth you need the rental power plants? – It would have made some sense if the rental power plants would have have come with low cost electricity but unfortunately other than thinking of paying back the circular dept and taking all the current resources in action our government have chosen to bring in the rental power plants. The plants which does not still started generating the power but we already started paying the rent money. After carefully reading whats written above one can decide that the rental power plants stunt was really not required at the moment. Moreover when you live in country which is blessed with so much of natural resources why on earth you have to go for rental power plants. Wind forms and solar energy power plants have got huge potential in this country which can bring in lots of low cast energy, also if more dams are planned, we can get much more hydro power. After that come in the coal reserves which is blessing for this nation, we have got the coal reserves which are in few biggest coal reserves of the world. Research shows that if we use just 2% of these reserves for power generation we will be able to keep on generating the extra 25000 Mega Watts of power for next 40Â  years just from coal and we just have overall electricity consumption of 16000 Mega Watts country wide today. 12000 Mega Watts of power out of our 16000 mega watts is already being generated. The above facts clearly show that if the right policies are adopted we can not only generate enough power to meet our energy requirements but also generate power to sell out. The problem of our country have never been the resources but only and only the sincere leadership which really cares for the country and all the souls living in it. For the moment we can just pray to Allah for blessing Pakistan with the leadership which is sincere and capable of making things happen. Next time when you vote in elections just think for your country and nothing else, keep the previous experiences in mind, they will help you much

Representation Of Women In Hindi Cinema Film Studies Essay

Representation Of Women In Hindi Cinema Film Studies Essay Hindi cinema has always been a major point of reference for Indian culture and society. Not only has it shaped but also expressed the changing scenarios and contours of Indias cultural and societal sentiments to such an extent that no other preceding art form could ever achieve. Hindi cinema has influenced the way in which people perceive and deal with various aspects of their own lives. Cinema means different things for different people, for some it is the greatest and the most appreciated medium of entertainment, while for others it is just a medium that disseminates moving pictures. And then there are people who think that it is a medium that reflects the true mood and the changing scenario or rather reality of the society that produces it. Not only does it reflect, it also shapes and influences a society. One can say that cinema and society influence each other. Cinema, is a true reflection of the society and what we see in movies actually happens, otherwise where do these films get their inspiration from? Movies now portray live-in relationships, girlfriends and boyfriends, pre-marital sex, corruption, people following live and let live policy in life and family, liberal parents, colleges are depicted like dating parties and professors like friends. Of course one has to admit that it is all exaggerated and blown up, sometimes even in epic proportions, but the core idea, the crux, the central theme, comes from the society itself. Obviously those situations and reflections of life and society are exaggerated and blown up converting it all into a motion picture with elements of drama, suspense and comedy so as to attract spectators. The society and the world that we live in is changing and these changes are echoed in the cinema. Lets take the example of the humble and illiterate mother or ma depicted in the Hindi movies of 60s, through the 70s right till the 80. The ma was a female figure, an epitome of sacrifice and hard work, caring and bothered about nothing but her children. She burned the midnight oil to stitch clothes to afford two meals a day and to pay for the heros BA degree, has slowly got replaced with the modern, educated and sometimes even independent mom. The heroine who was normally a simple homely girl has now been replaced by a woman who is not only educated and bold but is also confident about her sexuality. The hero no longer falls in love with a innocent uneducated gaon-ki-gori. He has now been replaced by a simple boy next door with no palaces to live in, with human capabilities, flaws and aspirations. The result is that the audience can now easily relate with the lead characters of the film. But there is a different aspect, a different side to the coin, as well; cinema itself can herald or bring about changes in the society. It inspires fashion and crimes when people try to mimic what they see in movies, failing to realise that what they see on screen is an altered or modified version of reality that is made to look glamorous though instruments and technology and that life like cinema is not predictable. But, there are some movies that bring about positive changes as well like the recent change in the old policy followed by CBSE as a result the movie Tare Zameen Par (2007). CBSE now gives extra time to dyslexic students for their board exams. Similarly, public interest in hockey was renewed after the hit movie Chak De (2007). So it wouldnt be wrong to say that cinema isnt just a source of popular entertainment for families and individuals, but also a vehicle of social change, as it should be. Audiences like to see the familiar on screen. They like to see what they know, what they are aware of, what they believe and it is this reflection on screen that caters to the tastes and sensibilities of the masses. People derive joy, pleasure and amusement when they watch such films and therefore it is the audience that decides what goes into a film. Next it is the investor. The producer of a film would want to invest in something that would fetch him some returns on his investment and therefore they put their money in films that would make the audience happy and consequently bring in the greens for the investors. Unless a film caters to the mass audience, it will not be economically viable. The representation of women is often used as a selling point of the films. Audience likes to watch women on screen in various song and dance routines, in stereotypical images, in various costumes ( as discussed in chapter 2) and the reflection of women on screen change from time to time with changing trends in the continuously evolving society ( as discussed in chapter 3). It is true that the changing ideologies of a society have the power over what is depicted on screen and how it is depicted but another truth is the fact that the patriarchal undercurrents in our society are still the same. Women are still depicted in a way that caters to the male gaze. Women are still categorised and this has been achieved through song and dance sequences, through various forms of dress and through stereotypical images. All these factors help to compartmentalise women, turn them into a fetish leaving no room for the real woman to be depicted on screen. A cursory glance on the history on Hindi cinema and the changing trends of society and cinema leads one to believe that Bollywood has progressed over time in terms of depiction of women. Globalization and western culture has had a strong influence and a huge impact on the content films, the locations where they are shot and even the settings. But a closer examination of the films reveal that indeed there has been progress, but only in terms of technological devices that are used for special effects, locations as in they are more scenic, the films have begun to represent N.R.Is, the speech has westernised, the dresses have a modern influence and the entire aspect of film making and marketing has becoming more commercial and corporate like. It has truly become an Industry, a business. Women are still depicted or portrayed in the old moulds of feminity. Heroines are westernised, as is everything around them, but this has resulted in turning a woman into a commodity that needs to be made a spectacle of so that the film can sell well. The western influence and modernisation has led to more skin show in order to make the film commercially viable as it is now sold to Indian as well as western audiences. Mythology, religion, notions and ideas about family and tradition, cultural ethos, all of these strongly influence Bollywood and consequently the representation of women on screen. But one must understand that all these values that dictate the trends of Bollywood are ruled and dominated by the premise of patriarchy and therefore women are represented in a manner which is submissive to these values and therefore subject to control by men. The women are shown in subordinate roles, upholding traditional values. They represent the community and are seen as repository of community values. Women authenticate a national/cultural identity. The body of the woman is the carrier of cultural signs. Symbols of marriage like the mangalsutra, sindoor etc. are fetishized. Women are represented as prototypes, one dimensional characters as daughters, wives, daughter-in-law, courtesan, lover, widow. Such stereotypes have no personal traits, no substance in terms of character and temperament; they only exist in relation to men, to heroes on screen. They are there as foils to the male characters so as to highlight their characteristics. Feminity as it is outlined by the premise of patriarchy is more often than not adhered to in Indian films. However, through an analysis of new emerging trends in Bollywood cinema as well as the parallel cinema, it becomes clearly visible that some women break this mould. There are films that portray women in bold and strong characters and sometimes even as individuals but such films are not very successful commercially. And also the answer to the question whether women in Hindi cinema are constructed so as to attract male gaze remains yes because even in those films, the heroines who played the bold, strong and individual characters were good looking and attractive, they were used in various song and dance sequences and were objectified through the use of costumes and other cinematic tools. There have been attempts to emancipate women from the constraining stereotypical moulds through representation of strong women characters in powerful roles in mainstream cinema but they have been only partially successful because those films were made but they werent very successful. The art movies or parallel cinema as they call it, emerging in the 1970s, avoided objectifying women, and focussed on showcasing the prevalent oppression and exploitation of women in our society. But the overriding themes, ideologies and concepts of religion, culture and tradition have a very strong foothold when it comes to Hindi cinema and they entrap representation of women in fixed moulds of stereotypes strengthened by patriarchy. Events seldom catapult women characters of Indian cinema to a white-hot spotlight. They are dumped into the quagmires of tension-packed fireworks of the home-prison or the ambitious exploitations of healers and killers, lovers and betrayers. The women are shown as having no spheres of their own, no independent identity, no living space. They go down in collective memory as organic imperfections, ramshackle, rickety, unhinged creations, mere fictional constructs of the fragile handle with care male ego. Hindi films with excellent photography, picturesque locations, designer costumes and gorgeous heroines enthral and influence audiences in a manner which slowly and steadily transforms the way they think and perceive the world around them. The youth that forms a large chunk of the audience start aping what is shown in screen in terms of costumes, language, style and above all the norms and ideologies highlighted by the films. These ideologies prescribe that domestic bliss and societal recognition is achievable only through submission to the pre-established hierarchies. One of the dictates of such ideologies is that women should be submissive and subordinate to the males in family and in society in general. Films often show heroes pursuing the heroines not with poetry, as the idea of chivalry preaches, but with songs and sequences that manhandle the heroine, pestering her with antics like playing with her dupatta, pulling and pinching her cheeks, blocking her path, coming too close for comfort and sometimes even kissing her without her permission. The girl initially tries to get away from this brute but finally gives in to him and accepts his love. The marvel of marvels happens when she succumbs to such degrading antics and is won over by his charm. Is it any wonder that eve teasing is rampant in this country when films show women giving in to such demeaning and crude gestures used by the male in the film in order to court her? In case a girl is raped in a film, the girl is compelled to marry the perpetuator of such a deplorable and detestable act. The girl isnt even asked if she wants to spend the rest of her life with the man responsible for violating her physically and psychologically in such a horrendous manner and robbing her of her freedom. The woman becomes the property of the man who ruined her life. If she refuses to marry her rapist she is immediately alienated from the society and is deemed undeserving of anyones sympathy and support for she refused to marry the man who violated her and then was willing to provide for her as his wife. The perpetuator, the criminal here becomes noble and self-righteous for in the act of agreeing to marry the woman he raped hes redeemed himself. The victim, if she refuses to marry him, becomes ungrateful, perverted and promiscuous for she refused a mans offer of marriage, a man who as per the norm, could have shrugged off all responsibility towards her. Most Hindi films portray love stories between a rich boy and a poor girl or vice versa. The predictable and often repeated story line being that they meet, fall in love, encounter opposition from their respective families, communities and society and finally they get married after innumerable trials and tribulations. The rich boy who wants to marry below his station is considered noble, heroic, sacrificing and generous while a rich girl who wants to marry the poor boy is often portrayed as fashionable, independent, spoilt, pampered and bratty who desperately needs to be tamed and domesticated so as to bring her in line with what the society expects. In other words she needs to wear Indian dresses with bindi and bangles, should be able cook and serve to the family and finally should see her husband as her sole reason for existence. This she is transformed into by the poor boy who as reward gets the woman as a trophy in the end. The whole idea defies logic. Why would a rich and pampere d girl want to marry a poor boy for there are enough good men in the world with the same moneyed background? The underlying patriarchal assumption being that any man is good enough to marry a girl, rich or poor doesnt matter. A woman, in a film, who puts her aspirations, ambitions and career before family is considered ruthless and also at time unwomanly but if a man does the same he becomes noble and virtuous. If a woman does it she is to be condemned for her professional goals come in the way of serving the family and her husband but if a man does it he is doing so to provide for his family which is commendable. The double standards of the society and hypocrisy of the patriarchal ideologies promoted by films are more than evident but such films are accepted by the audiences and they go on to become hits. The same ideology and story is repeated film after film transforming the ideology into a norm that soon becomes a trend followed by the people. Wielding the camera is probably a more onerous responsibility than wielding the pen, as the visual medium is several times more powerful than the written one. Add to this the sway that tinsel towns charismatic heartthrobs have over the masses and the job of film makers as arbiters of taste and public opinion becomes that much more accountable. The ideology of patriarchy works through the concept of female morality setting territorial limits for the whole idea of feminine identity and exposing the hypocrisy of male attitude that ultimately seeks patriarchal domination of women. A females body remains central to the societys as well as her realization of self. Patriarchy, that asserts itself through marriage, adultery and rape, works through the female body. On the other hand a female who tries to resist patriarchy uses her body to express her freedom, desire and sexuality. Powerful woman characters and their impact is eclipsed by the manner in which she is depicted as stereotypes trapping a woman in roles that submit to the dictatorial conventions of our society in the process inhibiting the qualities of a woman as an individual at peace with herself and comfortable in the world of her personal aspirations and interests. This is because a girl child in the formative years of growing up is conditioned through the process of socialization where her freedom and liberty is cut down drastically. At a very young age she learns to submit to the whims and fancies of the patriarchal society. She gives in to the tyrannies of our society and forgets all about her own emotional, social and financial needs along with her individual aspirations. Women in our society are perceived and therefore represented as inferior beings. The realities of the patriarchal society and the standards set by it make the woman under confident and make her believe that the only form of security she can achieve is through obedience to the society that terrorizes her to begin with. This ideology perpetuated by the masculine world around her makes a woman consent to the unreasonable emotional, social and financial demands made upon her, all in the name of peace, happiness, order and security.

Early American Colonies Essay -- American History

The Massachusetts colony, otherwise known as the ‘Massachusetts Bay colony’ was originally settled by Puritans in 1630. They were plagued by the religious persecutions of King Charles I and the Church of England. Weary from this dogged torment, they left England under the leadership of John Winthrop. These original colonists quickly established many small towns in the name of high religious ideals and strict societal rules. They also planted churches, spread Puritanism and religiously educated the masses, as these were some of their goals. A utopian society that other colonies looked upon with high regards was the ultimate goal. The charter that gave the Puritans freedom to leave the England had a significant loophole-the colony did not have to have a leader that represented them in England. This new government was placed in the seemingly capable hands of a governor, deputy governor and eighteen assistants, all of which were considered to be ‘freemen’. They then established a representative democratic government by which only property owning freemen who were members of the church could have a vote. The formulation of this kind of government was an early indicator of the colonists desires to be free of Britain. Winthrop was elected the first governor of the colony and he further enabled the colony to be virtually independent of Britain by laying a framework legislature that included a simple system of checks and balances along with representation. Boundaries, taxes and strict rules were also established, further severing the ties that bound the colony to England. Even though it was tragically flawed and did not last, it was a clear break from Britain’s monarchy. The flaw in the system was the element of human greed and K... ...tober 29, 2010, from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USABmapM.htm Massachusetts Colony. (n.d.). Colonial Ancestors - Colonial Genealogy Records and History Information to Find Colonial Ancestors for Your Family Tree. Retrieved November 2, 2010, from http://colonialancestors.com/ma/colony.htm Massachusetts Colony. (n.d.). Colonial Ancestors - Colonial Genealogy Records and History Information to Find Colonial Ancestors for Your Family Tree. Retrieved November 2, 2010, from http://colonialancestors.com/ma/colony.htm THE QUAKER PROVINCE: 1681-1776. (n.d.). The Pennsylvania General Assembly. Retrieved November 9, 2010, from http://www.legis.state.pa.us/wu01/vc/visitor_info/pa_history/II.htm Untitled Document. (n.d.). the Quaqua Society -Financial and Career Assistance for Home Educators. Retrieved November 1, 2010, from http://www.quaqua.org/pilgrim.htm

Self Discovery in Huckleberry Finn and Catcher in the Rye :: comparison compare contrast essays

Self Discovery in Huckleberry Finn and Catcher in the Rye    Huckleberry Finn and Holden Caulfield make take journey into self-discovery. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn is trying to find purpose and identity through conflicting of morals. While Holden Caulfield in Catcher in the Rye, is an adolescent struggling to find mature into manhood. In comparison, they are both on a journey towards maturity and identity. Life itself is a journey full of bonding and experiences which lead to wisdom and understanding. Without maturity one may never have these essential experiences. This leads to an empty shell of a person, never truly feeling passion, love or peace.    Huck Finn is a young boy deciding which morals to hold true. The quest for what's right is long and confusing. During his adventure is forced to choose between his morals and his conscience. When Huck runs into the bounty hunters he is forced to make one of these decisions. He must choose whether to turn his run-away slave friend Jim as his conscience advises or to trust his morals and protect his friend in need. Fortunately, his will is strong and he creates an elaborate lie to prevent Jim's capture. Huck seeks refuge in nature, where right and wrong don't exist and life's beauty is what is truly important. He mentions that nature is peaceful and he need not worry about either his morality or conscience but is allowed to ponder these personal discrepancies.    Holden Caulfield, however, has a much more complex yet equally important struggle. His struggle is of his own hypocrisy and misunderstanding. This struggle can be overwhelming for some and it is for Holden who requires help to come to terms with maturity. Even though he is constantly speaks as if he is experienced in connection and bonding, they were always just faà ¿ ades. Holden thinks he is superior to his environment because he has a false knowledge of it and it's workings. This is best explained by his reaction his old friend June whom he would like to have a meaningful relationship with but cant come to grips on how. Inspite of all he thinks he knows he is really only the faker he despises. Both Huck and Holden must complete their own journey's to become complete individuals.

View Advertising Tracking Devices with Caution Essay -- Business Priva

In today’s society, one can see that tracking a person has become much easier with the technology advances that have been developed. When most people think of tracking devices they primarily think of negative issues, but that has all changed now. A tracking device the size of a tic tack that can be surgically implanted to provide a tamper proof means of identification, enhanced e-business security, locating lost or missing individuals, monitoring heart rate, vital signs, tracking of the elderly, the location of valuable property, and monitoring the medical conditions of at risk patients. With advertisement companies, tracking device software is used to allow the customers information on the status of package, delivery address, and the person that signed for the package. However, advertisers could use that private information to their advantage and try to sell that person more frivolous objects or pass that information to another advertisement company. Tracking devices can be m arketed toward other companies that advertise luxury cars or other industrial goods, but when those companies buy that product, they will be put in a purchasing list and the company that sold that product will keep track of that particular company and try to sell more goods. Cookies are used by internet shopping sites to keep track of what is being purchased by that person who is on that site, but used as a device for tracking browsing and buying habits of individual web users. Through the analytical view of cause and effect of internet cookies and tracking devices, one can understand the good qualities, but dangerous misuses of having a tracking chip in the advertising world. Despite the flaws of a tracking device, there are many reasons why advertisers are ... ...the controversies are. Basically, the issue involving tracking devices may lead to a person using one for security or interrogative purposes or use one for their own perverted or invasive pleasure. In conclusion, one should not take tracking devices lightly. Works Cited Lewen, Todd. â€Å"Chips: High Tech Aids or Tracking Tools?† www.usatoday.com. September 3, 2008 Newlyn, Korbin. â€Å"GPS Tracking Devices- Teens vs. Parents, Law Enforcement vs. Invasion of Privacy.† www.buzzle.com. September 15, 2008 â€Å"New Campaigns.† B to B 86. Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008 Bowes, Elena. â€Å"Rita: A Highly Competent Secretary, Helps Deliver Fiscal Health to UPS.† Advertising Age International (December 1999). Expanded Academic ASAP. Gale. Orange Coast College Library. October 1, 2008. â€Å"Internet Cookies.† www.ciac.org. October 1, 2008

Will Bury’s Price Elasticity Scenario

The economic concepts founded in Will Bury’s Price Elasticity Scenario are the following: 1. Supply and Demand One of the most fundamental concepts of economics and the backbone of a market economy is the concept of supply and demand. Demand shows the various amounts of a product that consumers are willing and able to purchase at each of a series of possible prices during a specified period of time. (McConnell & Brue, 2004) The law of demand states that, if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good. Therefore, there is a negative relationship between price and quantity demanded. The basic determinants of demand which affect purchases are: †¢Consumers’ preferences †¢The number of consumers in the market †¢Consumers’ incomes †¢The price of related goods †¢Consumers’ expectations about future prices and incomes Supply shows the amount of a product that producers are willing and able to make available for sale at each of a series of possible prices during a specific period. (McConnell & Brue, 2004) The law of supply states that as price rises, the quantity supplied rises; as price falls, the quantity supplied falls. Therefore, there is a positive relationship between price and quantity supplied. The basic determinants of supply are: †¢Resource price †¢Technology †¢Taxes and subsides †¢Prices of other goods †¢Price expectation †¢The number of sellers in the market In order to understand the effect of price on volume demanded, Will Bury must understand the theory of supply and demand. When he will put these two concepts together, he will identify the market equilibrium with the price and quantity at the intersection of the demand and supply relations. That will be the price just high enough that quantity demanded is equal to quantity supplied, and the quantity corresponding to that price. 2. Elasticity of Demand and Supply The degree to which a demand or supply reacts to a price change is measured by a product’s price elasticity. There are different types of elasticity. Price elasticity of demand measures how sensitive is the quantity demanded to a change in the price of the good. Price elasticity of supply measures how sensitive is the quantity supplied to a change in the price of the good. When elasticity is small (less than 1 in absolute value) the relation is inelastic. Inelastic demand (supply) means that the quantity demanded (supplied) is not very sensitive to the price. When elasticity is large (greater than 1 in absolute value) the relation is elastic. Elastic demand (supply) means that the quantity demanded (supplied) is sensitive to the price. General formula for price elasticity is: Elasticity = (Percentage Change in Quantity) / (Percentage Change in Price) As a general rule, the more substitutes a good has, the more elastic is its supply and demand. 3. Substitute Goods Substitute goods are goods that can be used to satisfy the same needs, one in the place of another. That means that demand for the two kinds of goods will be bounded together by the fact that consumers can trade of one good for the other if it becomes advantageous to do so. In Will Bury’s Price Elasticity Scenario the 500-page book on CD is a substitute for Bury’s audio files of a book, therefore Will Bury must stay current on marketing research and stay current on other potential competitors who may offer substitute products because an increase in price for one kind of goods will result in an increase in demand for its substitute goods, and a decrease in price will result in a decrease in demand for its substitute. 4. Cross Elasticity of Demand The cross elasticity of demand measures how sensitive consumer purchases of one product are to a change in the price of some other product. The general formula for cross elasticity of demand is: Exy = (Percentage Change in Quantity Demanded of Product X) / (Percentage Change in Price of Product Y) The cross elasticity of demand for substitute goods will always be positive, because the demand for one good will increase if the price for the other good increases. References: McConnell, C. R. , & Brue, S. L. (2004). Economics: Principles, Problems, and Policies (16th ed. ). New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin University of Phoenix Material: Will Bury’s Price Elasticity Scenario. Retrieved June 6, 2009 from: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/classroom/ic/classroom. aspx

Youth Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Overview and Proposal for National Education Campaign

The following document represents a drilltimewide overview of one of the main societal problems in America today callowness nubble nuisance. Drug and total clapperclaw among teenagers is ticker(a).Among jejuneness age 12 to 17, about 1.1 jillion meet the diagnostic criteria for dependence on drugs, and about 1 million argon treated for alcoholic beverage dependency.1 Beca white plague of this epidemic we claim to institute a more telling national school campaign along with a national wellness manage campaign that will promote education, prevention, too soon detection, and rehabilitation.Youth vegetable marrow debauch is a major(ip) epidemic currently plaguing the youngfulness and need to be immediately addressed to cherish the future generations of our country. Without an immediate proposal to ease eliminate substantial increases in centre of attention ab persona, we atomic number 18 setting ourselves up for a sharp evenfall in a solid civic foundation and s ubstantial increases in wellness c atomic number 18 costs.The search divides itself into six sections covering the social factors that whitethorn hightail it to change magnitude centre of attention ab utilization, the meaning and experience of illness as connect to to the changing focus to a health belief model for nerve centre ab usance, health care systems and funding on a national level that are aimed at promoting education and rehabilitation of behavior and psychogenic understanding. health care providers, providing resources to educate families on youth communication and doctors and nurses on effective mental rehabilitation based on the health belief model, revealing a national education campaign that foc phthisiss on physical dangers instead of morality and value violations, and finally educating youth on health literacy through the national education campaigns.In monastic order to elaborate on more in-depth intelligence of stub treat, maiden it is important to get our terms. Substance abuse can be defined as an overindulgence in and dependence on a psychoactive direct to effects that are perverting to the singles physical health or mental health, or the welfare of others.2In a medical examination sense, if we are to classify substance abuse as an illness, there must be a physiologic dependence on the substance, whereby the person develops a of high quantity of tolerance eliminateing to withdrawal symptoms at once the substance is removed. Mosby (1998) differentiates surrounded by abuse and dependence, stating that two are distinct from addiction which involves a compulsion to continue using the substance despite the negative consequences, and may or may not involve chemic dependency. The textbook definition goes on to body politic that dependence almost always implies abuse, precisely abuse frequently occurs without dependence, particularly when an individual first begins to abuse a substance. addiction involves physiologi cal processes while substance abuse reflects a complex interaction between the individual, the abused substance and society.3A definition of substance abuse that is frequently cited is that in DSM-IV, the stern edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of arms of Mental Disorders (DSM) issued by the American psychiatric Association.4 The DSM-IV defines the term asA. A maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring at bottom a 12-month period Recurrent substance use resulting in a chastisement to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home (e.g., repeated absences or poor work performance related to substance use substance-related absences, suspensions or expulsions from school neglect of children or household) Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous (e.g., driving an automobile or operating a machine when impaired by subs tance use)Recurrent substance-related legal problems (e.g., arrests for substance-related secret conduct Continued substance use despite having persistent or perennial social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance (e.g., arguments with throwow about consequences of intoxication, physical fights)B. The symptoms have neer met the criteria for Substance Dependence for this class of substance.The governing began studying substance use among youth in the mid-70s, and have documented a fluctuation in substance abuse since that time. Interestingly, over the past 5-10 years, the level of substance use has remained relatively stable, yet explore suggests that the types of drugs being used among youth are changing.While more young people are using alcohol, tobacco, and other illicit drugs, upstart data show an actual diminution in substance abuse for the first time in nearly a decade. According to the annual PRIDE look back (National Parents Resource Institute for Drug Education) , which is the nations largest commutative survey of adolescent drug use and violence, there has been a 12.9% decrease in annual illicit drug use among students in grades 6-12 the strongest one year decline in overall drug use since 1990-1991. Alcohol use fell by 6.3 percent to the lowest levels in 12 years and cigarette smoking fell by 15.6% to the lowest levels in 8 years.Youth in grades 6 to 8 piece the most significant reductions, whereas the smallest changes in trace substance use were found at the 12th grade level. Among high school seniors, one in four students report using illegal drugs on a monthly basis and over 8% report daily use. Further, more than 24% of 12th graders report drinking alcohol weekly and 23% smoke cigarettes daily.5Another report from a Monitoring the Future call for of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders found similar declines in youth substance use, but too noted increases in the use of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) in each grade along with increases in the use of steroids among 10th graders. 6Social factors that lead to substance abuse Substance abuse in youth, a problem that may lead to later addiction or substance dependence in liberal years, often times originates within a social incubator encompassing many specific characteristics that may lead to increased tendencies towards substance abuse.And while no cure-all of understanding is claimed in regard to the circumstantial reasons why young people work out to substance abuse, we can look into studies that fit certain components to an increase in youth substance abuse. Different social factors that lead to substance abuse affect youth at different stages of their lives. One deterrent example is the correlation of aggressive behavior in early childhood to later substance abuse.1 From the National Institute of Health, 2007 2 Mosbys Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary. mutant 5. (1998) 3 (1998). Mosbys Medical, Nursing , & Allied Health Dictionary. Edition 5.4Writings from the American Psychiatric Association (2006) 5 major Progress in Reducing young Drug Use, Cigarette and Alcohol Use, natural gas Carrying, According to 13th Pride Survey. closet Release, September 5, 2000. http//www.pridesurveys.com/6 Johnston, L. D., OMalley, P. M., Bachman, J. G. & Schulenberg, J. E. (December 21, 2006). Teen drug use continues down in 2006, particularly among one-time(a) teens but use of prescription-type drugs remains high. University of boodle News and Information Services Ann Arbor, MI. On-line. usable www.monitoringthefuture.org accessed MM/DD/YY.