Thursday, November 7, 2019
Jars Of Clay Essays - Biblical People In Islam, Acts 9, Free Essays
Jars Of Clay Essays - Biblical People In Islam, Acts 9, Free Essays Jars Of Clay 1. Introduction: I will be teaching this lesson to a group of second graders at my church. Are classroom is on the upstairs level and, I will also be utilizing the outside area that is directly behind of my church. There are about thirty second graders in my classroom. So, it is a really busy class. But, they are a whole lot of fun to work with. And, they seem to respond to me well. We will be talking about II Cor. 4:7-18. I think that this lesson will be very interesting to first and second graders. It will help them to better understand the gift of salvation. 2. Outline: I. Opening Focus A. Make small clay pinch pots B. Ask the children questions C. Show large pot II. Saul (Acts : 9) A. Sauls threats B. Jesus speaking to Saul 1. why do you persecute me? 2. go to the city C. Sauls blindness 1. blind for three days 2. Saul meets Ananias 3. Saul is healed spiritually and physically D. Sauls Discipleship 1. the other disciples did not believe Paul 2. Barnabas tells of Sauls healing 3. Paul is accepted III. Paul (Acts 13:9) A. Asked of God B. Prison 1. wrote letters 2. rejoiced C. Pauls letter to Corinth (2 Cor. 4:1-18) 1. Corinths problems 2. Corinths disbelief 3. Jars of Clay (2 Cor. 4:7) a. kept treasures in them b. fragil 4. Christians as Jars of Clay a. hard pressed b. struck down by others c. treasures of heaven inside (2 Cor. 4:18) 3-5 External Content, Internal Content, and Application: Opening focus: As my opening focus I am going to take the children outside to make clay pots. I will teach them to make a simple pinch pot. While the children are pinching their pots I will ask them questions (Where in the Bible do we learn about clay pots? What are some of the things that you can do with a clay pot? Do you all have any clay pots at your house? Do clay pots break easy? and etc.). Then when they are finished I will show them a large clay pot that I have made. Then, I will have all of the children leave their pots at their seats and come sit in the grass so I can tell them a story. Lesson Body: I want to tell you a story about a man named Saul (Acts:9). Saul was a very bad man. He threatened to murder Jesuss disciples in Acts 9:1. One day while Saul was walking to Damascus he fell to the ground. He heard a great voice saying, Saul, Saul why do you persecute me?. Who are you, Lord Saul asked. And, what do you all think that the voice replied? The voice said, I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. Now, get up and go into the city. But, when Saul got up he had a big problem. He could not see anything. So, he had to be lead by hand into Damascus. And, for three whole days he could not see a thing. Can you all imagine what it would be like not to be able to see anything? Do you think it would be scary? Saul was very scared. But, he met up with a man named Ananias. And, Ananias was sent by the Lord to help Paul see again. And, he was also here to fill Saul with the Holy Spirit. And, when Ananias told Saul these things Saul felt something heavy lift from his eyes. And, it was a miracle. Saul could see again. What is a miracle? A miracle is an act that only God can do. When Saul finally made it to Damascus he met with the disciples. Do you all know what a disciple is? A disciple is someone who spreads the word of God. But, when Saul met up with the disciples. They did not believe that he was a disciple. But, Barnabas told them about Sauls vision of God. And, the disciples believed him and accepted him as their own. So, Saul changed his name to Paul (Acts 13:9). Do you all know what the name Paul means? The name Paul means asked of God. And, Paul surely was asked of God. After Paul was saved he had a bit of misfortune. He was arrested. And, where do you go when you are arrested? You go to jail. But, while Paul was in jail he still continued to work for the Lord. He learned to rejoice in times of sorrow. Do you
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
The Link Between Racism and Depression
The Link Between Racism and Depression Several studies have shown a link between racial discrimination and depression. Racism victims not only suffer from bouts of depression but from suicide attempts as well. The fact that psychiatric treatment remains taboo in many communities of color and that the healthcare industry is itself perceived to be racist exacerbates the problem. As awareness is raised about the link between racism and depression, members of marginalized groups can take action to prevent discrimination from taking a toll on their mental health. Racism and Depression: A Causal Effect ââ¬Å"Racial Discrimination and the Stress Process,â⬠a 2009 study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, found that a clear link exists between racism and depression. For the study, a group of researchers gathered the daily journal entries of 174 African Americans whoââ¬â¢d earned doctorate degrees or were pursuing such degrees. Each day, the blacks who took part in the study were asked to record instances of racism, negative life events generally and signs of anxiety and depression, according to the Pacific-Standard magazine. Study participants reported incidences of racial discrimination during 26 percent of the total study days, such as being ignored, denied service or overlooked. Researchers found that when participants endured episodes of perceived racism ââ¬Å"they reported higher levels of negative affect, anxiety, and depression.â⬠The 2009 study is far from the only study to establish a link between racism and depression. Studies conducted in 1993 and 1996 found that when members of ethnic minority groups make up small portions of a population in an area they are more likely to suffer from mental illness. This is true not only in the United States but in the United Kingdom as well. Two British studies released in 2001 found that minorities living in majority-white London neighborhoods were twice as likely to suffer from psychosis as their counterparts in diverse communities. Another British study found that minorities were more likely to attempt suicide if they lived in areas lacking ethnic diversity. These studies were referred to in the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities in the UK, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 2002. The national survey measured the experiences that 5,196 persons of Caribbean, African and Asian origin had with racial discrimination in the past year. Researchers found that study participants who had endured verbal abuse were three times more likely to suffer from depression or psychosis. Meanwhile, participants whoââ¬â¢d endured a racist attack were almost three times as likely to suffer from depression and five times more likely to suffer from psychosis. Individuals who reported having racist employers were 1.6 times more likely to suffer from a psychosis. High Suicide Rates Among Asian-American Women Asian-American women are particularly prone to depression and suicide. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has listed depression as the second leading cause of death for Asian American and Pacific Islander women between the ages of 15 and 24, PBS reported. Whatââ¬â¢s more, Asian American women have long had the highest suicide rate of other women that age. Asian American women age 65 and older also have the highest suicide rates for elderly women. For immigrants in particular, cultural isolation, language barriers and discrimination add to the problem, mental health experts told the San Francisco Chronicle in January 2013. Moreover, Aileen Duldulao, lead author of a study about suicide rates among Asian Americans, has said that Western culture hyper-sexualizes Asian American women. Hispanics and Depression A 2005 Brigham Young University study of 168 Hispanic immigrants living in the United States for an average of five years found that those Latinos who perceived that they were targets of racism had sleep disturbances, a precursor to depression. ââ¬Å"Individuals who have experienced racism could be thinking about what happened the previous day, feeling stressed about their ability to succeed when being judged by something other than merit,â⬠said Dr. Patrick Steffen, lead study author. ââ¬Å"Sleep is the pathway through which racism affects depression.â⬠Steffen also conducted a 2003 study that linked perceived episodes of racial discrimination to a chronic rise in blood pressure.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
The Boy Is Stripped Pajama Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
The Boy Is Stripped Pajama - Research Paper Example The story begins with the family of 8 years old Bruno who have to shift from Berlin to a new home in an unknown place called out-with. As Bruno tries to adventure in his current surrounding he is informed that there are places that forbidden at all times with no expectation. Bruno is unable to control his adventurous spirit and ventures into the unknown places. The story is interesting since the writer has combined youthful innocence and naivety of what the reader knows. Comparison on the film "the boy in the striped pajamas" and the book "the boy in the striped pajamas In the book, it does not have drama and action but it still works. Drama is happening between the two boys, and this makes the book to be fascinating. The two boys do not understand anything going around the camp and this makes their relationship honest and simple. The two boys are the same only that they are born in different circumstances. One boy is born into wealth and respect while the other boy is born into pers ecution and imprisonment. At the young age of 8, neither of the boys understand what is happening around them, and their way of viewing the world is what drives the book forward. On the contrary, The Boy Is Stripped Pajama film is more dramatic than the book. Some characters get more roles than they get in the book since there is no perspective limit. The mother played by Vera goes slowly crazy into horrific and compelling at once. Brunoââ¬â¢s sister is also horrifying as she gradually progresses from sweet young teenager into Nazi activist. She enjoys her lessons, a factor that explains the amount of money Germans spend on the Jews and how life would be easier if they were disposed. Her sister scolds Bruno as he likes reading adventure books and does not take into new lesson plan. In the film, the dad is played to be the authoritarian family person performing his role. The arguments with his wife are moving because he wants to set a good example to his soldiers. He starts to rea lize that living in a camp is a bad place to bring up children. Overall, the film sticks to the bookââ¬â¢s event perfectly well. The only change is the dramatic ending as it is much slower in the book compared to the film. Both the book and film are brilliant, but the book is more appealing. The book sticks to the film very well but on its own, it is not compelling. The film loses innocence and naivety of Brunoââ¬â¢s viewpoint, and this is what makes the book unique. On rare occasion do people get such an impact when the film ends that they exit the theater in total silence (Lasalle, 2). Many people are speechless from the stigma they get from the movie. Holocaust movies are not something new since they are moving stories that show perspective of explored situations. The movie boy in stripped pajamas sets asides evil actions of the Germans and besieged Jews but instead offers two innocent boys. These two boys are Jewish and German, and they do not know they should hate each ot her. The movie presents something tragic to the audience sending them with a strong message to consider than historical atrocities. Comparison on Plot In The Boy Is Stripped Pajama film, Brunoââ¬â¢s father is a young commandant who is promoted; hence, his family was forced to shift. This means that they have to leave their comfortable home in berlin and shift to a Spartan country compound. Bruno thinks the camp is a farm where odd people work in pajamas. His parents are not ready to reveal the truth to protect him from the truth. The place has little meaning to Bruno since his only concern is that he does not have anybody to play with in his new home. The only company Bruno and his sister enjoy is a propagandizing tutor (Lasalle, 2). One day Bruno sneaks out of the compound and moves on the direction of the
Thursday, October 31, 2019
Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3
Business Plan - Essay Example It serves as a ââ¬Å"bridge wayâ⬠to three continents Europe, Asia and Africa. It boasts of an educated English-speaking population, moderate living costs, good airlines and telecommunication connections (US Department of State. 2007). Cyprus Financial Limitedââ¬â¢s objectives are to make an equal and fair profit in the business-to-business and business-to-consumer financial services industry. This goal is to be reached by attaining the numbers presented in the sales forecast and financial plan topics. 1. Selling and Marketing Power ââ¬â The services companyââ¬â¢s products are made attractive in order to maintain a certain percentage of clients. CFL demonstrates a successful approach in converting its reputation into an excellent brand to ensure the conversion of its clientsââ¬â¢ knowledge into their intellectual property, thus creating value for its clients. 2. Create multiple opportunities from a single line of expertise ââ¬â Cyprus Financial Limited is able to leverage from a single pool of expertise into multiple revenue generation opportunities: business development, market development, personal financial planning, corporate management services, and tax and financial consulting. Cyprus is now living in an interesting era: the process of change from the "old economy" to the "global new economy" brings a tremendous development growth of e-commerce, mobility of capital, and liberalization to the region. Since the new global economy brings new economics, new market structures, new industry structures, and new company structures, the profile of customers has also changed. Customers have evolved from "solution demander" to "value demander," and from "clientsâ⬠to ââ¬Å"business partnersâ⬠. CFL is a Private Limited Company and shall be headed by a Director, with two full time Account Managers. These account managers will handle all end-to-end processes, from sourcing clients to providing financial consultancy services, and shall report directly to the Director.
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
An aspect of Caribbean Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
An aspect of Caribbean Culture - Essay Example Barbados which is a former British Colony can be called ââ¬Å"little Englandâ⬠as its name suggests that is greatly reflects the British culture. Jamaica mostly relies on pre-colonial heritage and is well developed .it maintains a very peaceful environment of the Caribbean. Aruba, another part of the Caribbean reflects a little bit Dutch culture. Dominican Republic which is underdeveloped. Puerto Rico is one of the most modern island of the Caribbean and is greatly influenced by the American and Spanish cultures. The official symbols of the Caribbean include parrot, palm and the shell. The literature of the Caribbean is divided into Spanish, French, and English literature. The music of the Caribbean is a combination of Spanish, French and English people who have added to the music heritage of the Caribbean culture. After the first permanent establishment of Columbus in the Caribbean, the islands have produced their own musicians, composers etc. The main sport of the Caribbean i s very unique which includes football and cricket. Here the football refers to the British football which is known as soccer. Other sport include rugby, softball etc. at present cricket the most important sport of the Caribbean. The theatre of the Caribbean is mind blowing as it attracts the tourists from far off places.
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Newspaper Tool To Promote Malaysia Government Propaganda Media Essay
Newspaper Tool To Promote Malaysia Government Propaganda Media Essay 1. Introduction During the pre-election, the election candidates usually will choose appropriate media as their major election tools to disseminate their asserted statements for changing government policies and convey their main purpose of gaining the ruling power from opposition parties, which may sway the voters decision of balloting. So what is media? Why does media so important during the pre-election period? The word of media is included the whole host of modern communication systems, for example cinema, television, newspapers, magazines, advertisements, radio, and interactive multimedia. These developments depend on the use of industrial technology to produce, send and receive message. Country information From the overview coaches and trainees that like working journalists will need to do some intensive research before they arrive in an unfamiliar country. It is enormously beneficial to have a basic understanding on the country. That included their demographics, culture and history, as well as the current political situation and their media environment. This information is important in setting the context for the specific election. They also need to know about the specific conditions of the election. We will able to country information thought todays internet system and also some country-specific guidebooks. Besides that, the local governments websites will also present some basic information on the countrys population, economic conditions and health standards to educational levels. In examining guidebooks, we also can look for information such as life expectancy and number of citizens of voting age, extent of literacy, different ethnic groups, religions and languages, and urban and r ural populations. These are factors to consider in guiding media coverage of an election campaign because they identify important groups of voters, challenges to voter education, and regions or issues which otherwise might be neglected. However in Malaysia, the Sultan is elected by hereditary state rulers to serve a 5-year term. Prime Minister is designated by parliament. In the Senate (Dewan Negara), 44 members are appointed by the monarch to serve 3-year terms and 26 members are elected by the state legislatures to serve 3-year terms*. In the House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat) 222 members are elected by direct popular vote to serve 5-year terms. Political context Political background Election is about few political parties are competing with each other for the popular support and power, so it is essential to know the basic facts about the political history of the country. There may be facts or events which play a symbolic or special role in the parties campaigns because of how they are perceived by the voters. Information such as the date of the countrys independence, major internal and trans-boundary conflicts, and the names of former heroes or villains, who may become an issue or rallying point in the campaign, should be identified. These kinds of considerations also apply in the case of referenda. Other factors to examine include the pattern of stability of previous governments, and the role of the army or other forces, or foreign interventions in the duration of past governments. Beside that, the structure of government and leading figures like presidency, parliamentary democracy, monarchy, and so on. Current political landscape Beside that, the current political landscape or immediate context on the election is an essential knowledge for coaches to know. They need to learn what key issues arose during the term of Coaching Manual for Media Support during Elections. For example, the country information, and the previous government works; on how they were handled and whether they caused this election. Coaches should know the names of the main political parties, their central ideologies and leaders, and relative strength and popularity. This kind of information aids coaches in assessing whether election reporting is balanced. Other factors that under consideration are include the extent of democracy, the strength and activity of civil society in public life, the courts and authorities respect for the rule of law and human rights, extent of corruption and lawlessness, and the economic or political disparity between identity groups. In addition to media reports and country profiles, organisations such as Human Ri ghts Watch and Amnesty International, Freedom House, the International Crisis Group, and the United Nations Development Programmes human develop meant indicators can provide such assessments. Coaches will also usually find the reports and staff of international observer teams monitoring the election to be helpful and well-informed. For Malaysia, it is a country which is seem to be a long and drawn out struggle to what is now some resemblance of a democratic nation much like its neighbours Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and East Timor (admittedly East Timor isnt a direct neighbour but its in the hood).à This country experiences significant problems domestically with extremes in poverty and wealth.à There are seemingly an endless string of problems with labour and workers rights, as well as significant issues with deforestation and continued infringements on human rights.à What makes 2010 significant for Malaysia is that despite its apparent problems, the most significant of them being the domestic political turmoil, there appears to be progress towards better transparency? However the problems for the incumbent leadership really are about domestic issues and how to keep their country from quickly sliding backwards after years of relatively steady economic growth albeit underpinned by the International Mon etary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. With growing extremist populism in politics taking root even in the moderate political parties, the country faces growing isolation as other countries attempt to work to resolve Western sentiment of the region being riddled with terrorism, extremist organisations and terrorist training camps.à There are many unresolved problems between different ethnic groups, especially involving Malaysian Chinese. The media environment The first priority is to identify the principles of the countrys media freedoms and regulations. Coaches must then determine the practical realities of these freedoms and regulations. In some countries there may be wide-ranging protection for media freedoms in the constitution or in legislation but the freedoms are much abused or ignored by authorities or journalists in daily life. Media regulations among the essential media regulations to examine are: Constitutional guarantees for a free press: Do they exist in law? Do the courts protect them effectively against government or other interests harassment, intimidation, assault? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Media regulation bodies (press councils and radio-television regulators): What powers do they have? Are they independent of government? Are they free of corruption? Do they defend media freedoms? Do they fairly discipline irresponsible media? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Content restrictions: Are there laws which censor what the media can report or offer as opinions? Who imposes these restrictions? Is there an appeal to the courts? Are there laws against hate speech? Is criminal libel used to suppress published criticism of government? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ The Internet: Is it widely available? Is it regulated or censored? Is it influential? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Ownership restrictions: Is media ownership determined by government, by law, or by free market competition? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Journalist registration/accreditation: Is there any law defining who can be a journalist? Who administers the law? Is this law used to restrict free expression? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Broadcast media: How is it regulated? Is licensing conducted fairly? Is public or state broadcasting treated differently than private broadcasting? à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¢ Are there Access-to-Information laws? Are they effective? Are they blocked by secrecy laws, political interference or bureaucratic obstruction? Firstly, newspaper is the best way to research because it is a regularly scheduled publication containing news, information, and advertising, has emerged as one of the important media throughout the entire world. However, its multifunctional purpose has caused it to be manipulated in many forms. In Malaysia, the most obvious manipulation towards newspaper is in the form of political view. Political parties especially the ones who act as the rulers of the country are continuously taking advantage in the name of veto power to use newspaper as the primary tool to promote their propaganda. (Media Stereotyping: Reporting War and Terrorism, 2007). As a definition, propaganda stands for a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position. As opposed to impartially providing information, propaganda in its most basic sense, presents information primarily to influence an audience. Propaganda often presents facts selectively (thus possi bly lying by omission) to encourage a particular synthesis, or uses loaded messages to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a political agenda. It is proven as it is used in the ancient times; the Roman Empire published Acta Diurna, or government announcement bulletins, around 59 BC, as ordered by Julius Caesar. (Acta Diurna, 2010). Looking back during the National Election campaign in 2008, the Barisan Nasional governments launched their massive political campaign through the means of newspaper and other forms of media to sell out their propaganda in order to influence the minds of the citizens to vote for them. To make things easier, they are the rulers of this country and thus, no one can put the barrier on them on what-so-called restriction of press. The determination of press freedom is on their hands. However, in the campaign, they suf fered the most humiliating defeat in the history of Malaysia as they lost five states to the opposition sides, Pakatan Rakyat; Kelantan, Kedah, Perak, Selangor, and Penang. How could it happen? This situation lied on several factors. The non-government newspapers played their role in publishing news on the truth behind every promise made by the governments sold out to the society during the election campaign. This actually worked out as citizens realised that they could not be continuously cheated off by the fake promise. It can be said here that propaganda does not always work the way it should. Currently, the issue of the concept of 1Malaysia is another case regarding the manipulation of newspaper by the authorities to promote their propaganda. The introduction of this concept has been massively spread out to the mass audience via various kinds of mass media including newspapers. The spreading out can be classified as successful as everyone is talking about 1Malaysia now. However, the concept, introduced by the Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, is still on the surface and the truth behind it is hidden from the acknowledgement of the public. 1Malaysia conce pt is still blurred and confusing. Everybody seems to accept the propaganda without realising the effects on them. The most obvious effect that will someday happen is that it harms and destroys the special rights enjoyed by the bumiputra especially Malays. Before things turn from worst to worse, Pakatan Rakyat try to stop the citizens from getting carried away by the cheat through the only medium they are able to; newspapers owned by them. Is it going to work? Conclusion In this research, there are three main problem statements that are aimed to be found out. The first problem statement is that newspaper is being used as the primary tool to promote Malaysia government propaganda. The matter that is about to be conveyed is the advantage enjoyed by the government to simply use their veto power to spread their propaganda. Newspapers like Utusan Malaysia, Berita Harian, New Straits Times and many others are owned by the government. The question is that are these puppets being manipulated to do the promotion on behalf of the Barisan Nasional government neither directly or indirectly to set up the minds of the society. The second one is that the use of newspaper as a medium of spreading government propaganda is effective and giving impacts to the society or it is either occurring the other way around. The governments are the ones who act as the gatekeeper to all media including print media like newspaper. They pick what to publish and eliminate news that i s risky to harm them. The question whether it is totally effective or not in manipulating the citizens minds will be answered in the findings of this research. Last but not least, the opposition-own newspapers are also playing their role in revealing the hidden truth behind every propaganda of the ruler of this country and how effective their messages in setting up citizens minds? Newspapers like Suara Keadilan and Harakah are owned by the opposition sides. This research will reveal whether they succeed in showing the truth behind the propaganda of the government in the high-risk situation of do-or-die as there is a very high possibility that the government will misuse their power in stopping these kinds of newspapers to continue showing their true colours. Harvard-style for List of References
Friday, October 25, 2019
The Red Room :: English Literature
The Red Room I am writing an essay, based on the story ââ¬ËThe Red Roomââ¬â¢, and will try to explain what makes it such a good mystery story. Some of the main reasons for why itââ¬â¢s a great story include the vocabulary and words the author has used and the setting that the story is created in. The author uses gothic language, giving the story more suspense; he also sets the story in a haunted setting which builds up tension. The story was written by HG Wells, between the turn of the 20th century. HG Wells was an English author and a political philosopher; he was most famous for his science fiction romances. Wells gets across his ideas of the red room in many ways throughout the story. ââ¬ËThe Red roomââ¬â¢ belongs to the gothic genre. A gothic novel emphasises mystery and horror and it is filled with ghost haunted rooms, just as ââ¬ËThe Red Roomââ¬â¢ does. They also have underground passages, secret stair ways and so on. The genre builds up a mount of tension in the story where the description of the house gives the impression that it is old and abandoned. The old woman says, ââ¬Ëeight and twenty years you have lived and never seen the likes of this houseââ¬â¢. This illustrates that the house must be historic and it could also be decaying. The story of ââ¬ËThe Red Roomââ¬â¢ is written in first person, this suggests that the reader believes itââ¬â¢s from personal experience and knows what theyââ¬â¢re feeling. At the beginning of the story, the main character (also the narrator) is open minded and sure of himself. He believes that there are no ghosts. He is very cynical, which is shown when he refuses to believe what the three old pensioners tell him. The anonymous character is referred to as `Iââ¬â¢ as we donââ¬â¢t know how these pensioners know him or who he is. This leaves him with no identity, making readers think heââ¬â¢s mysterious. The character says ââ¬ËI can assure you said I, that it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me.ââ¬â¢ The author uses very expressive words in his writing and uses the adjective `tangibleââ¬â¢; this means you can touch the ghost. You cannot touch ghosts genuinely and this is why the author uses this adjective, because the character believes ghosts are not real. The character feels unsure when the three old pensioners make him feel uncomfortable. He says `the three old pensioners made me feel uncomfortable.' This explains that the character is not made to feel at ease. It also brings out that the old pensioners are quite
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